Chondromalacia Patellae, commonly referred to as “runner’s knee,” is a condition that involves softening and deterioration of the cartilage beneath the patella or kneecap. This creates pain, inflammation, and discomfort at the knee joint, particularly during an activity. Although it is mostly known for afflicting athletes, it can affect anyone, especially individuals with certain risk factors. By learning the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for the particular condition, an individual can learn to manage the condition easily and prevent further complications in the future.
Causes of Chondromalacia Patellae
Chondromalacia Patellae is a condition that occurs when the cartilage on the underside of the patella deteriorates or softens due to repeated stress or misapplication of movement. There are various causative factors for this condition, including the following:
Repetitive Action or Overuse
Every activity that requires repetitive knee movement, such as running, cycling, or even jumping on the floor, will eventually wear off the cartilage.
Patellar Misalignment
When the patella does not track over the femur (thigh bone), it is predisposed to uneven distribution of forces on the cartilage, which eventually damages it. This condition is often due to muscle balancing and structural abnormalities.
Injury or Trauma
A direct strike to the knee, possibly followed by a fall, could easily damage the cartilage or even change the direction in which the patella moves.
Weakness in Quadriceps Muscles
Weak quadriceps, and the front thigh muscles, may lead to abnormal movements of the patella, which results in friction and damage to the cartilage.
Aging and Wear
Aging is a normal problem of managing cartilage; as such, even conditions such as chondromalacia are more common among old people.
Symptoms of Chondromalacia Patellae
The chief and most evident knee symptom of chondromalacia patellae includes several other signs that can assist in the diagnosis; they are:
- Knee pain is mostly around the areas surrounding the kneecap and occurs during activities that require bending and straightening, such as climbing stairs, squatting, and long sitting.
- Swelling or tenderness around the knee joint
- Grinding or popping noises while moving the knee, commonly referred to as ‘crepitus.’.
- Knee stiffness, mostly after a long time of sitting and then standing or following an activity.
Treatment Options for Chondromalacia Patellae
The focus of treatment for chondromalacia patellae is pain relief along with the restoration of knee function and prevention of further cartilage damage. Depending on the severity of the condition, conservative management may include the following.
Rest and ice: Resting the knee and applying ice packs may reduce inflammation and relieve pain. It is essential to avoid activities that worsen symptoms, such as running or jumping, for proper healing.
Physical therapy: A physical therapist can guide you through exercises designed to strengthen the quadriceps and improve the alignment of the patella. Strengthening surrounding musculature supports proper tracking and minimizes the stresses on cartilage.
Knee Bracing or Taping: Knee braces or tapping techniques can help support the patella and promote proper alignment during physical activities.
Orthotic Inserts: Custom-made orthotic shoe inserts might correct movement patterns and reduce strain on the knees if they are related to foot abnormalities contributing to knee pain.
Surgical Treatment: In the rare case that conservative management does not work, surgery may be an option. Procedures for surgery can include removing damaged cartilage or realigning the patella to avoid further wear.
How to Prevent Chondromalacia Patellae
A number of things that may result in the development of chondromalacia patellae could be beyond your control, but many things can be done to reduce risks:
- Strengthening leg muscles, particularly quadriceps, helps keep the patella tracking path in its proper place.
- Stretch regularly to improve flexibility; hamstring and calf stretches help a lot.
- Use suitable footwear as you have foot deformities to minimize stress on the knee.
- Refrain from high-impact activities that unnecessarily put pressure on the knees, especially with your proneness to the condition.
- Maintain an average weight to avoid unnecessary crushing on those knee joints.
